What to Expect When Getting Started with ABA Therapy

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is a proven, evidence-based treatment widely used to support individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities. If you’re new to ABA, understanding the onboarding process can help ease any concerns and set clear expectations for you and your family.

This article walks you through each step, from the initial assessment to the first therapy session, and explains the critical roles played by both the Registered Behavior Technician (RBT) and the Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA).

1. Initial Contact and Intake

The ABA journey typically begins with an initial phone call or meeting where you share your child’s background, diagnosis, and your goals for therapy. During this stage, we will gather basic information, verify insurance coverage, and explain what ABA therapy involves.

Key Documents You’ll Need

• Diagnosis documentation (often a Comprehensive Diagnostic Evaluation or CDE)
• Referral from your child’s physician
• Insurance information

2. The Initial Assessment

The initial assessment is a comprehensive evaluation performed by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA). It is critical for understanding your child’s strengths, challenges, and current skill levels. The BCBA may conduct observations, interviews with caregivers, and standardized testing.

What Happens During the Assessment?

• Direct Observation: The BCBA spends time with your child, seeing how they communicate and interact with people and things around them.
• Skills Testing: Your child might be asked to do some simple activities or games to see what they can do, such as playing or completing everyday tasks.
• Caregiver Interview: The BCBA talks with you to learn about your child’s daily routines, behaviors, and what you hope to achieve with ABA therapy.

This assessment helps create a picture of where your child is now, which guides therapy goals and intervention plans.

3. Developing the Treatment Plan

After the assessment, the BCBA analyzes the data and develops an Individualized Treatment Plan tailored specifically to your child’s needs. This plan outlines:

• Target skills to learn or improve
• Behavior goals (e.g., reducing challenging behaviors)
• Recommended therapy hours and frequency
• Methods and strategies that will be used during sessions

The BCBA will review this plan with you to ensure it aligns with your family’s goals and priorities.

4. Getting Ready for Therapy: Scheduling and Matching with a Therapist

Once the plan is approved, the provider schedules therapy sessions. At this stage, you will be introduced to the Registered Behavior Technician (RBT) who will deliver most of the direct therapy.

About the RBT Role

RBTs are trained professionals who work one-on-one with your child, implementing the strategies and programs developed by the BCBA. They collect data during sessions and provide immediate support and instruction to your child.

The BCBA continues to oversee all therapy, making adjustments as needed based on progress and data.

5. The First ABA Therapy Session

The first therapy session is a critical step. It often focuses on building rapport between the child and therapist, making the child feel happy, relaxed, and engaged. It is normal for your child to be shy or uncertain at first.

What to Expect in the First Session

• The RBT will use fun, motivating activities tailored to your child’s interests.
• They will begin teaching basic skills or working on simple goals from the treatment plan.
• Data collection starts immediately to track responses and progress.
• You might be invited to observe or participate, depending on your comfort level.

6. The BCBA’s Ongoing Role

Throughout therapy, the BCBA remains actively involved by:

• Supervising the RBT and ensuring fidelity to the treatment plan
• Reviewing data regularly to monitor progress
• Adjusting goals and teaching strategies as needed
• Providing training and support to caregivers and family members
• Collaborating with other professionals (e.g., teachers, speech therapists) for a coordinated approach

Regular meetings or updates with the BCBA will help you stay informed and involved in your child’s therapy journey.

Conclusion

Starting ABA therapy can feel overwhelming, but knowing what to expect helps you prepare and engage fully in the process. From the initial assessment to the first therapy session, the collaboration between your family, the RBT, and the BCBA is key to creating meaningful progress.